Ümit Yenişehirli yazdı: İsrail’in ekolojik terörü
Ümit Yenişehirli, İsrail’in 7 Ekim’den bu yana devam eden soykırımını ve Filistinlileri yavaş yavaş sağlıksız kılan ve sonunda öldüren ‘ekolojik terör’ünü kaleme aldı.
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Yusuf Balıkçı
İsrail’in, geçtiğimiz yıl 7 Ekim’den bu yana Filistin’de başlattığı soykırım tüm acımasızlığıyla sürüyor. Çete devletin doymak bilmez saldırıları sürekli gündemin ilk sırasında yer alıyor ama İsrail bir türlü durdurulamıyor.
Gazze’de gündem soykırım olsa da aslında İsrail’in zorbalık ve vahşet portföyünün mazisinde daha birçok unsur var. Bunlardan biri de binlerce Filistinliyi yavaş yavaş sağlıksız kılan ve sonunda öldüren “ekolojik terör”.
“SU HAKKI” İHLALİ
Uzun yıllardan bu yana Filistin topraklarını işgal etmiş olan İsrail, bu ülkedeki sivillerin birçok evrensel temel insan hakkını ihlal ediyor. İnsan hayatı ile işyeri ve konutlara yönelik somut askeri ve milis güçlerce yapılan saldırıların yanında, bunlara göre nispeten daha düşük düzeydeymiş gibi görülüp dolayısıyla da “fazla önemsenmeyen” vakalarla “uluslararası insancıl hukuk, uluslararası insan hakları hukuku ve uluslararası antlaşmalar hukuku” hükümleri sürekli ihlal ediliyor.
Aslında daha İsrail kurulmamışken bile, Yahudi işgalcilerin kitleler halinde Filistin’e geldikleri ilk yıllarda bu saldırılar başlamıştı. Yahudiler, 1930’lardan, 40’lardan itibaren Filistinlilerin çevre, su, tarım ve hayvancılık varlığına yönelik saldırılar düzenlemişlerdi. “Uluslararası insancıl hukuk”a göre, bir yerde çatışmaya müdahil olan tüm taraflar hem sivilleri hem de sivillerin mülklerini korumakla yükümlü durumda ama İsrail yıllardır Filistin’de bu en temel kuralı hiçe sayıyor.
NÜFUSUN SADECE YÜZDE 10’U TEMİZ SUYA ULAŞABİLİYOR
Aralıksız süren işgallerle Gazze’ye doğru itilen Filistinliler, bu kadar dar bir alanda bu kadar yoğun nüfus nedeniyle yıllardır temiz suya ulaşım sorunu yaşıyor. Gazze, kilometrekareye düşen insan sayısı bakımından dünyanın en yoğun nüfusuna sahip bir yer. Dünya Bankası’nın 2005 yılına ait bir raporuna göre, Gazze’deki su rezervleri çok uzun bir zamandır “kriz seviyesi”nde bulunuyor. UNICEF ise altı yıl önceki bir araştırmasıyla Gazze’de nüfusun sadece yüzde 10’unun temiz suya erişebildiğini ortaya koymuştu. Göçmen ve mülteci sorunları üzerine çalışan uluslararası birçok STK’nın raporlarında da İsrail saldırılarından kaçarak çevre ülkelere sığınan Filistinli mültecilerin en az yüzde 90’ının, kamplardaki olumsuz şartlardan dolayı temiz suya erişemediğini gösteriyor.
KANALİZASYON VE DENİZ SUYU İLE DOLU KUYULAR
Yıllardır, pompalama sistemleri ve borularla temiz suyun Gazze’deki yerleşim birimlerine ulaşması için gereken teknik donanımın alımını ya yasaklayan ya da zorluk çıkartan İsrail’in bu tutumundan dolayı, Gazzeliler kendi imkânlarıyla kuyular açmaya çalışıyorlar. Ancak bu kuyu sularına kanalizasyon ve deniz suyunun karışmasından dolayı bölgede çok ciddi sağlık sorunları görülüyor.
Gazze’de yaşanan suya erişim probleminin çözülebilmesi için altyapı inşaatları gerekiyor. Ancak İsrail, bunun için gereken demir ve çimentonun askeri amaçlarla da kullanılabileceğini iddia ederek tedariği sürekli engelliyor. İsrail bu amaçla bir yıl olan ithalat iznini geçersiz kılmak için malzemeleri kasten gümrükte bekletiyor, sonra da “süre doldu” diyerek donanımı geri gönderiyor.
GÜNDE 13 SAAT ELEKTRİKLE TARIM YAPMAYA ÇALIŞMAK
İsrail’in çevre sorunlarına yol açan bir diğer uygulaması ise bölgeye verilen elektrikte kesintiye gitmek. Çok uzun yıllardır bu yöntemi kullanan İsrail, böylece Gazzelilerin günde ortalama sadece 13 saat elektriğe ulaşabilmesine yol açıyor. Bu durum da zaten saldırılarla birçoğu tahrip olmuş su aktarım sistemlerini daha da işlevsiz kılıyor, arıtma tesislerinin çalıştırılamamasına yol açıyor. Oluşan olumsuz şartlar ise dar bölgesel alanlarda salgınlara neden oluyor. Bütün bu süreçler sonunda tarım sulaması için gerekli enerji sağlanamadığından verimli ürün ve hasat da elde edilemiyor.
İSRAİL, GÖNDERDİĞİ SU ZAYİ OLSUN DİYE ESKİ BORULARI DEĞİŞTİRMİYOR
İsrail, otuz yıl önce imzaladığı Oslo Anlaşması ile Gazze’ye yılda 5 milyon metreküp su vermekle yükümlü. Ancak İsrail, kendi sınırları içindeki aktarma sistemini kasten iyileştirmediği için suyun çok büyük bir bölümü kayboluyor. Ayrıca kanalizasyon suları bu hatta karışarak Gazze’ye ulaşan suyu içilemez hale getiriyor.
KİMYASAL GÜBREYE MECBUR KALINCA
Gazzeli çiftçilerin su kaynaklı bir başka sorunu da tarımda verimlilikle ilgili. Su ambargosundan dolayı verimi düşen Filistinli çiftçiler açığı kapatabilmek için yoğun şekilde kimyasal gübre ve zirai ilaç kullanıyorlar. Bu ise kuyu sularına nitrat karışmasına yol açıyor. Zehirli suların içilmesinden dolayı da Filistinli bebek ve çocuklarda büyüme ve zihin gelişimi problemleri dünya ortalamasının çok üzerinde seyrediyor.
Ekim 1950’de yürürlüğe giren Dördüncü Cenevre Sözleşmesi (Savaş Zamanında Sivillerin Korunmasına İlişkin Sözleşme) uyarınca işgalci güçlerin; su kanalları, arıtma tesisleri, kanalizasyon boru hatları, tarım alanları, bahçeler, diğer bütün tabiat varlıkları, altyapı tesisleri, taşınmaz kamu malları ve özel mülklere zarar vermemesi gerekiyor ama İsrail yıllardır bu kuralların hiçbirine uymuyor.
TANKLAR TARLA VE BAHÇELERİ BOZUYOR, TRAKTÖRLERİ EZİP GEÇİYOR
Çeşitli uluslararası kuruluşların yıllar içinde Filistin’e yönelik takip sonuçlarının kıyaslanması, ekolojik tahribatın boyutlarını ortaya koyuyor. Uydu fotoğraflarının karşılaştırılması, Gazze’deki çiftlikler ile ağaçların yarıya yakının yok olduğunu gösteriyor. Yıllar içinde, uçaklardan bombardımanlarla tarım arazileri, meyve bahçeleri ve zeytinlikler hızla ortadan kalktı. Hava saldırılarının ardından gelen kara birlikleri ise özellikle tarla, bahçe ve zeytinlikleri hedef alıyor. Tanklar, traktör ve diğer tarım araçlarını kullanılmaz hale getiriyor. Bu arada, İsrail saldırılarıyla hemen her yıkılırken, yemek pişirme ve ısınma için ağaç kesiminin artması da Gazze’nin orman varlığını her geçen gün azaltıyor.
AÇLIĞA YOL AÇAN ABLUKALAR
İsrail, neredeyse kurulduğu ilk günden itibaren Gazze’yi karadan, denizden ve havadan abluka altına alarak kuşatmış durumda. İsrail bu ablukayı, en insanî alanlara da genişleterek Gazze’ye verilen yakıt, elektrik, gıda ve suyu sık sık kesiyor. Bu durum, Gazzelilerin aşırı derecede açlık çekmesine ve beslenme yetersizliğine neden oluyor. Böylece, açlık ve tabii tıbbî malzeme yoksunluğu, bir savaş yöntemi olarak kullanılıyor.
İşgal altındaki Gazze, Doğu Kudüs ve Batı Şeria topraklarındaki Filistinli sivillerin su hakkı başta olmak üzere tüm temel insan haklarından mahrum bırakılmasının ana sorumlusu olan İsrail, bütün bu insanlık dışı yöntemlerle tarımdan içme suyuna, kanalizasyondan yeterli beslenmeye uzanan bir ekosistemi felç ediyor. Bölgede bile isteye bozulan ekolojik denge, klasik saldırı yöntemleriyle öldürülme, yaralanma, sakat bırakılma risklerine çok ciddi başka sağlık sorunlarını da ekliyor.
İSRAİL’E UAD’DE HESAP SORULUYOR AMA…
Bu ortamı kalıcı kılan İsrail, son olarak, Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nda (International Court of Justice), sonucu çok da umut verici olması beklenmeyen bir davayla karşı karşıya. ICJ’deki davada, İsrail başta soykırım olmak üzere şu sekiz insanlık suçuyla suçlanıyor:
“Çocuklar da dahil olmak üzere yüksek sayıda Filistinlinin öldürülmesi. Filistinlilere fiziksel ve zihinsel zarar verilmesi. Evlerinin yıkılarak kitle halinde yerlerinden edilmesi. Filistinlilerin yeterli miktarda gıda ve sudan mahrum edilmesi. Tıbbî hizmetlerden mahrum bırakılması. Barınma haklarının ihlal edilmesi. Yeterli giyecek, hijyen ve temizlik malzemelerine erişimlerinin engellenmesi. Filistin halkının yaşama hakkının ihlal edilip üremesinin engellenmesi.”
– Arş. Gör. Fatih Tuna, “İsrail’in Filistin Topraklarını İşgali: Gazzelilerin Su Hakkının İhlali”, Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu Ombudsman Akademik, Gazze Özel Sayısı, Mayıs 2024